VOL. I: STUDIES Preface v Abbreviations xix List of Illustrations xxi 1. THE GAHADAVALA INSCRIPTIONS 1 ? T.P. Verma A. About Copperplates 1 B. Gahadavala Inscriptions 5 C. Editors of Inscriptions 10 I. Chandradeva 10 II. Madanapala 16 III. Govindachandra 19 IV. Vijayachandra 54 V. Jayachchandra 61 VI. Harischandra 77 D. Contemporary Minor Dynasties 78 I. Dynasty of the Nayaka Angasimha 78 II. The Malayaketu Dynasty of Uttarasamudra 80 III. The Sahet-Mahet Stone Inscription of Samvat 1176 89 IV. The Feudatory Dynasty of Singara Vatsaraja 93 V. Ayodhya Dynasty of Feudatory Ayushchandra 96 VI. The Khadirapala Dynasty of Japila 100 VII. The Dynasty of Gahadavala Adakkamalla 109 VIII. The Rashtraku?a Rulers of Panchala-desa: 111 Badaun Inscription E. Miscellaneous Inscriptions 115 Appendix A: Genuineness of the Gaya and Nalanda 147 Copperplates of Samudragupta Appendix B: Find Spots of Gahadavala Inscriptions 155 2. POLITICAL HISTORY 160 ? T.P. Verma A. On Writing History of Ancient India 160 B. The Growth of Kanauj as Imperial Seat 164 C. The Imperial Gahadavalas 185 Chandradeva (or Chandradityadeva) 188 Madanapala 199 Govindachandra 207 Vijayachandra 223 Jayachchandra 228 Harischandra 245 Appendix: Early Muslim Historians on Mahmud of 266 Ghazni (AD 999-1030) 3. THE GAHADAVALA ADMINISTRATION 297 ? T.P. Verma A. The Central Government 298 B. Raja-Chakra: The Samantas 313 C. The Janapada 321 D. The Village Administration 327 E. The Revenue System 332 Appendix A: Taxes in Gahadavala Grants 351 Appendix B: Pattalas and Villages in Gahadavala Inscriptions 353 4. RELIGION AND SOCIETY 361 ? T.P. Verma Preamble 361 The Religion 363 Vedic Learning in Kasi and the Brahma?as 376 Education in Varanasi before the Gahadavalas 384 Education in Varanasi 386 The Kshatriyas 388 The Society 391 5. DANA AND GIFT 398 ? A.K. Singh List of Donees with Gotras and Pravaras 403 6. WRITERS AND ENGRAVERS 422 ? A.K. Singh Palaeographical Tables 432 Bibliography 445 Index 449 VOL. II: TEXT 1. THE IMPERIAL GAHADAVALA 465 I. Chandradeva 1. Chandravati Copperplate Inscription of Chandradeva, 465 Vikrama-Samvat 1148 2. Chandravati Copperplate Inscription of Chandradeva, 468 Vikrama-Samvat 1150 3. Bengal Asiatic Society?s Copperplate Inscription of 478 Chandradeva and Madanapala, Vikrama-Samvat 1154 4. Chandravati Copperplate Inscription of Chandradeva, 481 Vikrama-Samvat 1156 II. Madanapala 5. Basahi Copperplate Inscription of Maharajaputra 485 Govindachandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1161 6. Banaras Copperplate Inscription of Maharajaputra 488 Govindachandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1162 7. Bahvara Grant of Madanapala and His Queen 491 Prithvisrika, Vikrama-Samvat 1163 8. Badera Copperplate Inscription of Madanapala, 492 Vikrama-Samvat 1164 9. Rahan Copperplate Inscription of Madanapala and 495 Maharajaputra Govindachandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1166 III. Govindachandra 10. Pali Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra, 499 Vikrama-Samvat 1171 11. Brihadviraichamaua Village Grant of Govindachandra, 501 Vikrama-Samvat 1171 12. Badera Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra, 505 Vikrama-Samvat 1171 13. Bhadaini Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra, 508 Vikrama-Samvat 1171 14. Dhusa Village Grant of Govindachandra, 511 Vikrama-Samvat 1172 15. Tarti Copperplate of Govindachandra, 514 Vikrama-Samvat 1173 16. Sunahi Village Grant of Govindachandra, 518 Vikrama-Samvat 1174 17. Basahi Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra, 521 Vikrama-Samvat 1174 18. Achchhavali Village Grant of Govindachandra, 524 Vikrama-Samvat 1175 19. Amalabrahma Village Grant of Govindachandra, 527 Vikrama-Samvat 1176 20. Daravali Village Grant of Govindachandra and 530 Nayanakelidevi, Vikrama-Samvat 1176 21. Don Buzurg Copperplate Inscription of 534 Govindachandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1176 22. Bengal Asiatic Society?s Copperplate Inscription of 538 Govindachandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1177 23. Chhatarpur Copperplate Inscription of 539 Govindachandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1177 24. Sulate?i Village Grant of Govindachandra, 542 Vikrama-Samvat 1178 25. Banaras Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra, 546 Vikrama-Samvat 1181 26. Mahaso?amaua Village Grant of Govindachandra, 549 Vikrama-Samvat 1182 27. Maner Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra, 552 Vikrama-Samvat 1183 28. Bengal Asiatic Society?s Copperplate Inscription of 556 Govindachandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1183 29. Bhani Village Grant of Govindachandra, 559 Vikrama-Samvat 1184 30. Bhadava?na Village Grant of Govindachandra, 562 Vikrama-Samvat 1184 31. Banaras Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra, 566 Vikrama-Samvat 1185 32. Sahet-Mahet Copperplate Inscription of 570 Govindachandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1186 33. Itaunja Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra, 573 Vikrama-Samvat 1186 34. Bhadaini Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra, 576 Vikrama-Samvat 1187 35. Raivan Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra, 579 Vikrama-Samvat 1187 36. Rein Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra, 582 Vikrama-Samvat 1188 37. Pali Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra, 586 Vikrama-Samvat 1189 38. Bhadaini Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra 589 and Yuvaraja Asphotachandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1190 39. Umbari Village Grant of Govindachandra, 592 Vikrama-Samvat 1190 40. Vaseva Village Grant of Govindachandra, 595 Vikrama-Samvat 1195 41. Kamauli Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra, 598 Vikrama-Samvat 1196 42. Rajgha? Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra, 601 Vikrama-Samvat 1197 43. ?amala Village Grant of Govindachandra, 605 Vikrama-Samvat 1197 44. Lankachada Village Grant of Govindachandra, 609 Vikrama-Samvat 1198 45. Gagaha Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra 612 and Maharajaputra Rajyapala, Vikrama-Samvat 1199 46. Kaila Village Grant of Govindachandra, 616 Vikrama-Samvat 1200 47. Machhlishahr Copperplate Inscription of 620 Govindachandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1201 48. Unaval Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra 624 and Maharajaputra Rajyapala, Vikrama-Samvat 1201 49. Lar Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra, 628 Vikrama-Samvat 1202 50. Bhadaini Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra 632 and Maharajaputra Rajyapala, Vikrama-Samvat 1203 51. Bhadaini Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra, 634 Vikrama-Samvat 1207 52. Bangavan Copperplate Inscription of Govindachandra 638 and Gosaladevi Vikrama-Samvat 1208 53. Gouli Village Grant of Govindachandra, 642 Vikrama-Samvat 1211 54. Sarnath Stone Inscription of Kumaradevi 645 IV. Vijayachandra 55. Kandini Village Grant of Vijayachandra, 649 Vikrama-Samvat 1217 56. Kanhavara Village Grant of Vijayachandra, 653 Vikrama-Samvat 1221 57. Sunahar Copperplate Inscription of Vijayachandra, 657 Vikrama-Samvat 1223 58. Haripura Village Grant of Vijayachandra and 663 Jayachchandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1224 59. Nagali Village Grant of Vijayachandra and 667 Jayachchandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1225 V. Jayachchandra 60. Osia Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 670 Vikrama-Samvat 1226 61. Kusupha?a Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 674 Vikrama-Samvat 1228 62. Asai Copperplate Inscription of Jayachchandra, 678 Vikrama-Samvat 1229 63. Kamauli Copperplate Inscription of Jayachchandra, 683 Vikrama-Samvat 1230 64. Khambhamaua Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 687 Vikrama-Samvat 1231 65. Vadesara Village Grant of Jayachchandra 691 Vikrama-Samvat 1232 66. Sihvar Copperplate Inscription of Jayachchandra, 695 Vikrama-Samvat 1232 67. Chandavaka Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 699 Vikrama-Samvat 1232 68. Avalu Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 703 Vikrama-Samvat 1232 69. Matapura Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 707 Vikrama-Samvat 1233 70. Godanti Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 711 Vikrama-Samvat 1233 71. Kotharavandhuri Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 713 Vikrama-Samvat 1233 72. Vadahosa Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 715 Vikrama-Samvat 1233 73. Manjhihosa Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 719 Vikrama-Samvat 1233 74. Saratavada Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 723 Vikrama-Samvat 1233 75. Khavadayi Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 727 Vikrama-Samvat 1233 76. Deupali Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 731 Vikrama-Samvat 1234 77. Dayadama Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 733 Vikrama-Samvat 1236 78. Sale?i Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 735 Vikrama-Samvat 1236 79. Abhelavatu Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 737 Vikrama-Samvat 1236 80. Kadahi Saha Mandara Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 739 Vikrama-Samvat 1237 81. Asai Copperplate Inscription of Jayachchandra 743 Vikrama-Samvat 1239 82. Ayodhya Fragmentary Stone Inscription of 748 Jayachchandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1241 83. Kamoli Village Grant of Jayachchandra, 749 Vikrama-Samvat 1243 VI. Harischandra 84. Machhlishahar Copperplate Inscription of 753 Harischandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1253 2. THE FEUDATORIES AND MINOR DYNASTIES 757 A. Dynasty of Nayaka Angasimha 85. The Silsila Boulder Inscription of the 757 Time of Angasi?ha Vikrama-Samvat 1162 B. Dynasty of Kirttipala of Uttarasamudra 86. Bha?par Copperplate Inscription of Kirttipala, 759 Vikrama-Samvat 1167 87. Gorakhpur Copperplate Inscription of Ramapala, 763 Vikrama-Samvat 1215 C. Reffering to the Dynasty of Gopala, VS 1167 88. Sahet-Mahet Stone Inscription Vikrama-Samvat 1176 767 D. The Singara Dynasty of Vatsaraja 89. Singara Vatsaraja?s Copperplate Inscription of the 769 Time of Govindachandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1191 E. Dynasty of Ayushachandra of Ayodhya 90. Vishnu-Hari Temple Inscription of Ayushchandra 773 of the Time of Govindachandra F. The Khadirpala Dynasty of Japila 91. Tutrahi Falls Rock Inscription of the Nayaka 776 Pratapadhavala of Japila, Vikrama-Samvat 1214 92. Phulwariya Stone Inscription of the Japiliya Nayaka 777 Pratapadhavala, Vikrama-Samvat 1225 93. Tarachandi Rock Inscription of Pratapadhavala, 778 Vikrama-Samvat 1225 94. Undated Phulwariya Inscription of Pratapadhavala 780 95. Sahasaram Copperplate Inscription of 781 Vikramadhavala, Vikrama-Samvat 1251 96. Sone-East-Bank Copperplate Inscription of 784 Indradhavala and Udayaraja, Vikrama-Samvat 1254 97. Rohtasgadh Rock Inscription of Pratapa, 788 Vikrama-Samvat 1279 G. Dynasty of Gahadavala Adakkamalla 98. Allahabad Museum Stone Inscription of Queen 789 Uddalladevi, Vikrama-Samvat 1294 H. Dynasty of Rashtraku?a of Vadamayuta 99. Badaun Stone Inscription of Rashtrakuta Lakhanapala 791 3. MISCELLANEOUS 795 100. Hathiya-dah Pillar Inscription of the Time of 795 Govindachandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1207 101. Unao Suvratanatha Image Inscription of the Time of 796 Govindachandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1210 102. Jaunpur Pillar Inscription of the Time of 797 Vijayachandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1225 103. Laha?apur Stone Inscription of the Time of 798 Jayachchandra, Vikrama-Samvat 1230 104. Meohad Stone Inscription Mentioning Jayachchandra, 799 Vikrama-Samvat 1245 105. Bodhgaya Stone Inscription of the Time of 800 Jayachchandra, Vikrama-Samvat 124x 106. Belkhara Pillar Inscription of Vikrama-Samvat 1253 802 107. Jaunpur Brick Inscription of Vikrama-Samvat 1273 803 108. Undated Etawah Stone Inscription of the Nephew of 804 Jayachchandra 109. Rajgha? Stone Inscription of Bhimadeva 806