Aryan Books

HATH-KAGHAZ: History of Handmade Paper in South Asia

By :- Masatoshi A. Konishi

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Type: English

Pages: xl+234

ISBN-13: 978-81-7305-460-0

Place: New Delhi

Edition: 1st

Publisher: ARYAN BOOKS INTERNATIONAL

Size: 22cm x 28cm

Product Year: 2013

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This is the first attempt to have an overall view of the history of handmade paper in South Asia ranging from ?prehistory? of paper to the present situation of paper manufacture, based on extensive and intensive fieldworks carried out in 1977-78, 1994-95 and 2003 in various countries in South Asia, West and Central Asia, and in Europe. Researches were carried out on the textual references to early Indian paper, searching into the catalogues of old manuscripts as well as on the actual extant examples now housed in various museums and libraries including old Jaina jnanabhandars and Hindu temples, mostly in west India. In order to observe the present situation of papermaking in South Asia, the author travelled throughout the subcontinent from Kashmir and Tibetan border of Nepal to Kanyakumari, and from Balochistan in Pakistan to Dhaka in Bangladesh, visiting many papermaking ateliers, interviewing the local people who are or had once been involved in this craft. Research results were compiled at the Indian Institute of Advanced Study in Shimla in 2004-05, and further revised in 2008. Comprehensive, detailed and strikingly illustrated, this volume will go a long way in highlighting this centuries-old craft and paving the way for further researches on the subject.

Preface with Acknowledgement ix List of Illustrations xvii Introduction: Aims and Scope of the Research xxv Present Stage of Research/Problems and the Aims of Research/Scope for the Historical Studies on Paper/Origin of Paper in China/Way from China to India via the Islamic West I. Writing Materials Used in South Asia before the Introduction of Paper 1 A. Materials as the Media for Manuscripts besides Paper Textual and Extant Evidences/Palm-leaf or Talpatra/Birch Bark or Bhojapatra/Sancipat of Assam/Cotton or Karpasika-pata/Animal Hide/ Wood and Bamboo Tablets/Preparation of Ink, etc. B. Writing Materials Used during the Harappan Times : Archaeological Evidences Seals and Sealings to Hold the Scripts/Application of Scripts/Writing Utensils Used by the Harappans II. Early Knowledge about Paper, 12th?15th Centuries 21 A. Textual Evidences: Chinese, Arabic and Persian I-Tsing?s Account/Other Chinese References/Arabic and Persian References/Some Jain Documents/References to Paper Used during the 13th?14th Centuries/References to Paper Used during the 15th Century B. Extant Examples of Paper before the 15th Century Earliest Evidences of Paper in India and Pakistan/Tibeto-Nepalese Tradition of Papermaking/Early Examples of Nepalese Paper/13th?14th Century Examples from Nepal III. Establishment and Spread of Papermaking Technology during the Mughal Era 45 A. Use of Paper under the Mughals Overview/Paper as Material for Calligraphy and Painting/Backing, Binding and Preparation of Wasli/Paper for Books/Paper for Writing Official Documents/Summing Up B. Papermaking Centres during the Mughal Times Reference Made by ?Ali Effendi in the 16th Century/Gujarat/Kashmir and Panjab/Rajasthan/Doab and the Ganga Plain/Deccan and the South/Two Marathi Documents of mid-18th Century/Summing Up C. European References to the Vernacular Papermaking during the 17th?18th Centuries English Factories in India, and Others (Gujarat)/Fryer?s Record of 1675 (Maharashtra)/Ironside?s Record of 1774 (North, in General)/Captain Moor?s Record of 1794 (Mysore) IV. Records on Traditional Papermaking during the 19th and Early 20th Centuries 84 A. North and East India: Bihar, Bengal and Assam Buchanan?s Reports 1809-13 (Bihar)/Socio-Economical Data in Bihar/Martin?s Survey 1836-38 (Shahabad and Dinajpur)/Mookerji?s Report 1908 (Bengal)/Gupta?s Report 1909 (E. Bengal and Assam) B. West India: Gujarat and Panjab Briggs? Record 1849 (Gujarat)/Gee 1891 and Emerson?s Report 1908 (Panjab) C. Central and South India: Maharashtra and Deccan Kirk?s Report of 1908, and Others (Bombay Presidency)/Thakur?s Report 1908 (Central Provinces)/Summing Up V. Decline of the Handmade Paper Industry 111 A. Situation under British Rule from the Late 19th to Early 20th Century Inventions and Innovations/Decline of the Industry in the Early 20th Century B. Causes of the Decline of the Handmade Paper Industry Establishment of the Paper Mills and the Introduction of ?Mill-made? Paper/Threat of ?Jail Paper? and the Use of Waste Paper C. Search for Raw Materials and New Technology Trials with New Raw Materials/Modifications of Technology VI. Gandhi?s Swadeshi and Khadi Gramodyog Movements 133 A. M.K. Gandhi?s Swadeshi Movement in the History of Indian Paper Khadi and Village Industry/Start of the Movement/Gandhi?s Chief Concerns B. Technological Changes under Khadi Village Industries Commission Introduction of New Materials/Materials Fit for Papermaking/ Introduction of Machines and ?Harijans? C. Evaluations VII. The Present State of Handmade Paper and the Scope 157 A. Present Activities of Khadi Village Industries Commission Development of KVIC/KVIC and Handmade Paper B. Present State of Handmade Paper Production: An Analysis of the Directory Facts about the Firms/Outstanding Cases/Difficulties in Reality C. Future Prospects VIII. Tibeto-Nepalese Tradition of Handmade Paper 173 A. Another Important Tradition in South Asia Tibeto-Nepalese Ways of Papermaking/Distribution of the Technology/Raw Materials/Papermaking Processes/Harital and Nilapatra Papers B. Origin and Diffusion of the Tibeto-Nepalese Tradition Ways from Tibet to Nepal, and Further to India/Assam and the Northeastern Tradition/Transmitters of Paper Technology C. Ever-fresh Problems in the Changing Technology: A Conclusion Concluding Remarks: Results and Further Issues 196 Glossary 201 Plates 207 Bibliographical Notes and Bibliography 209 Index 227

Born in 1938 in Akita Prefecture, Japan, Professor Masatoshi A. Konishi is Ex-fellow of the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla, and Professor Emeritus, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, having obtained his Ph.D. from the same University. He studied at the Graduate Schools of University of Calcutta (Archaeology) and University of Tokyo (Cultural Anthropology and Cultural History of South Asia). He has conducted extensive fieldworks in archaeology and anthropology in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Iran, UAE, Qatar and Bahrain. His major publications include: Born in 1938 in Akita Prefecture, Japan, Professor Masatoshi A. Konishi is Ex-fellow of the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla, and Professor Emeritus, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, having obtained his Ph.D. from the same University. He studied at the Graduate Schools of University of Calcutta (Archaeology) and University of Tokyo (Cultural Anthropology and Cultural History of South Asia). He has conducted extensive fieldworks in archaeology and anthropology in India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, Iran, UAE, Qatar and Bahrain. His major publications include: Afghanistan (1968); Arts and Crafts of India (1977); Indus Civilization: Fountainhead of the Indian Civilization (1980); Diverse World of India (1981); Aspects of the Indian Folk Culture (1986); History and Culture of Bengal (1986); Cultural History of the Roads in India (1995); Primordial World of India: Life, Beliefs and Art (1995); Folk Performances of India (2002); and many others including the edited works.Afghanistan (1968); Arts and Crafts of India (1977); Indus Civilization: Fountainhead of the Indian Civilization (1980); Diverse World of India (1981); Aspects of the Indian Folk Culture (1986); History and Culture of Bengal (1986); Cultural History of the Roads in India (1995); Primordial World of India: Life, Beliefs and Art (1995); Folk Performances of India (2002); and many others including the edited works.

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